Primary Energy Production

Primary energy production in Poland still relies mostly on fossil fuels, which accounted for 71% of the energy mix in 2023, with hard coal and lignite making up around 48%. Oil accounted for approximately 18%, while natural gas made up 21%. Poland is also actively developing its renewable energy sources (RES) sector. According to data from the Ministry of Climate and Environment, the share of RES in final energy consumption in 2023 reached 16.2%, exceeding the EU target for that year (source).

Wind Energy

By 2025, the installed capacity in Poland’s wind energy sector reached 8.6 GW, representing 60% of the electricity generated from RES. The West Pomeranian Voivodeship remains the leader in the number of wind farms. Thanks to favorable wind conditions, this potential continues to grow, especially in agricultural areas, which constitute over 50% of the country’s surface.

Solar Energy

Solar energy has recorded the highest growth in Poland. By the end of 2024, the installed capacity of photovoltaic power plants reached 13.7 GW, marking an increase of over 30% year-on-year. Poland ranked third in the European Union in terms of photovoltaic capacity growth in 2024, attributed to support programs such as “My Electricity” and EU funding.

Geothermal Energy

Poland’s geothermal conditions provide potential for the development of geothermal heating. Current projects are being implemented in Poddębice, Toruń, and Stargard. The temperature of thermal waters reaches 100°C, allowing their use for energy and recreational purposes. Experts indicate that by 2025, the share of geothermal energy in the heat balance could increase to 5% (gov.pl).

Smart Grids and Intelligent Metering Systems

The development of Smart Grids in Poland is accelerating. By 2025, investments in smart grid infrastructure amounted to over EUR 1.2 billion. The installation of smart meters reached 70% of households, significantly improving energy efficiency and demand management capabilities.

Poland’s energy sector is evolving toward sustainable development, with a strong focus on increasing the share of RES. The main directions include the expansion of wind and solar energy, as well as the implementation of Smart Grids. Ongoing investments, EU funding support, and high technological potential ensure the continued dynamic growth of the sector.